Osteoarthritis is a common joint condition that occurs when the protective cartilage at the ends of bones gradually wears down over time. This cartilage normally acts as a cushion, allowing smooth and pain-free movement of the joints. As it breaks down, bones begin to rub against each other, leading to pain, stiffness, and swelling. Osteoarthritis most often affects the knees, hips, hands, and spine. It typically develops with age but can also result from injury or overuse. Although it cannot be completely cured, proper treatment, including physiotherapy and lifestyle changes, can help manage symptoms and maintain joint function.